Wildlife in Rwanda
From majestic gorillas to powerful lions
From majestic gorillas to powerful lions
Rwanda, the "land of a thousand hills", is not only known for its impressive landscapes but also for its unique and diverse wildlife. Travelers from around the world come here to experience the majestic mountain gorillas, playful chimpanzees, and rare golden monkeys on a safari. With the successful reintroduction of elephants and lions, Rwanda is now a top destination for nature lovers and adventurers. In this article, we introduce you to the most important wildlife you can expect during your trip to Rwanda – and provide you with valuable tips on how to experience these impressive animals in their natural habitat.
Overview: Where to see which animals in Rwanda
| Animal species | Best place for observation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Mountain gorillas | Volcanoes National Park | Permits limited, book early |
| Chimpanzees | Nyungwe National Park | Trekking starts very early, good rain gear |
| Golden monkeys | Volcanoes & Gishwati-Mukura | Easy, shorter hikes, good visibility in the bamboo forest |
| Elephants | Akagera National Park | Good chances at watering holes, also by boat |
| Lions | Akagera National Park | Best sightings in the morning and late afternoon |
Mountain gorillas
Overview
The majestic mountain gorillas, a subspecies of the Eastern gorilla, are among the most fascinating animals that travelers can experience in Rwanda. Weighing up to 200 kg in male silverbacks, they are the largest living primates. Their thick black fur protects them from the cool temperatures of the highlands. Particularly characteristic of adult males is the silver-grey back, which gives them the name "silverback". With their robust physique and pronounced social structures, mountain gorillas are considered a symbol of conservation in Rwanda and attract visitors from all over the world.
Habitat
The mountain gorillas in Rwanda are primarily found in Volcanoes National Park in the northwest of the country. This part of the Virunga Mountains stretches across Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, providing the gorillas with a perfect home. They live in groups of about 9 to 30 animals, led by a dominant silverback. The daily life of these impressive animals mainly consists of foraging and resting. They feed almost exclusively on plants, especially leaves and shoots, and build a new nest every evening to spend the night.
Viewing opportunities
The best way to experience mountain gorillas in their natural habitat is in Volcanoes National Park. The optimal travel times for gorilla trekking are the dry seasons from June to mid-September and from December to February. Access to the gorillas is strictly regulated to protect the animals – therefore it is advisable to book gorilla permits early. Encountering the mountain gorillas is considered an unforgettable experience, often combined with other adventures such as safaris in Akagera National Park or chimpanzee trekking in Nyungwe Forest.
Chimpanzees
Overview
Chimpanzees are among the most fascinating primates that can be observed in Rwanda. With about 98.7% identical DNA, they are the closest living relatives of humans and show an astonishing level of intelligence and social behavior. Adult chimpanzees can grow up to 1.7 meters tall, with males weighing between 35 and 70 kg. Their ability to use tools, pass on knowledge, and live in complex social groups makes them a particularly exciting research subject – and a highlight for tourists visiting the wild forests of Rwanda.
Habitat
The chimpanzees of Rwanda are mainly found in the Nyungwe National Park in the southwest of the country. This extensive mountain rainforest provides ideal living conditions for about 500 chimpanzees with its dense rainforests. They live in groups of up to 60 animals and are known to carry out territorial patrols to secure their territory. Although chimpanzees mainly eat fruits, they supplement their diet with leaves, insects, and occasionally small mammals. They build their nests high up in the trees, and their ability to use tools to find food highlights their impressive intelligence.
Viewing opportunities
Nyungwe National Park offers tourists the best opportunity to experience chimpanzees in their natural habitat. With two habituated chimpanzee groups, the chimpanzee trekking here is an unforgettable experience. The best time for such tours is during the rainy season from February to May and from September to December, as the chimpanzees are easier to find during these times. Visitors should start early – chimpanzee trekking begins at 5 a.m. Thanks to the well-organized tours and the spectacular nature of the Nyungwe Forest, chimpanzee observation is among the most unforgettable experiences that Rwanda has to offer. Ideal combinations can be found in our tours through Rwanda.
Golden monkeys
Overview
The golden monkey, also known as Cercopithecus kandti, is one of the rarest and most fascinating species of primates native to the mountain rainforests of Rwanda. With their characteristic golden fur and bright forehead band, these primates are a true highlight for wildlife watchers. They belong to the genus of monkeys and mainly live in the tree canopies, feeding on young leaves, fruits, and bamboo shoots. Due to their severely restricted habitat and small population of fewer than 1,000 individuals worldwide, golden monkeys are considered a threatened species, and their protection is crucial for maintaining biodiversity in Rwanda.
Habitat
Golden monkeys live exclusively in the Virunga Mountains, which stretch across Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In Rwanda, they can mainly be found in Volcanoes National Park and Gishwati-Mukura Biosphere Reserve. The animals prefer elevations of 2,000 to 3,300 meters, where they live in dense mountain rainforests. Their social groups can consist of up to 60 individuals, with group size decreasing with increasing altitude. Their adaptation to this specific habitat and their use of bamboo as a primary food source make them a unique example of the region's biodiversity.
Viewing opportunities
The best place to observe golden monkeys in Rwanda is Volcanoes National Park, where special tracking tours are offered. These tours last about four hours and start early in the morning, with group size limited to eight people. The dry months of June to September and from mid-December to February provide the best conditions for tracking. Many tour operators combine golden monkey trekking with gorilla observations, allowing visitors to experience a diverse range of wildlife. It is advisable to book permits in advance and prepare for wet and slippery terrain to experience these unique primates in their natural habitat.
Elephants
Overview
African elephants are among the most impressive animals in the world and are the largest living land animals. With a shoulder height of up to four meters and a weight of up to 6,300 kilograms, they are a majestic sight in the savanna landscape. Their characteristic trunk, which comprises about 100,000 muscles, serves as a versatile tool for breathing, grasping, drinking, and even for communication. Elephants in Rwanda, especially in the Akagera National Park, play a crucial role in the ecosystem by shaping habitats and contributing to seed dispersal. Their protection and reintroduction are central components of the country's conservation efforts.
Habitat
In Rwanda, elephants are primarily found in Akagera National Park in the east of the country. The park spans over 1,000 square kilometers and offers elephants a vast savanna landscape with plenty of food and water sources. Elephants live here in herds led by an experienced matriarch. They spend most of their time foraging for food, consuming up to 300 kilograms of vegetation each day. They particularly enjoy staying near watering holes, where they drink and bathe in mud to protect their sensitive skin. Therefore, Akagera National Park provides the ideal habitat for the growing elephant population.
Viewing opportunities
Akagera National Park is the best place in Rwanda to observe elephants. The dry months from June to September and December to February are the optimal travel times as the animals gather more frequently at watering holes and the vegetation is less dense. Visitors can best experience elephants through game drives or boat tours on the park's lakes. Guided safaris with experienced rangers, particularly in the early morning or late afternoon, are highly recommended when the chances of sightings are highest. With some patience and the right planning, Akagera National Park offers unforgettable encounters with these majestic animals.
Lions
Overview
Lions are among the most majestic big cats in Africa, known for their impressive appearance and social behavior. Males can weigh up to 250 kilograms and are recognizable by their magnificent mane, while females are smaller and more agile. Lions live in prides of up to 30 animals, where the females take on the primary role of hunting. They prefer to hunt at night and prey on animals such as antelopes, zebras, and buffalo. Since their reintroduction to Akagera National Park, lions have become a central attraction of the wildlife in Rwanda and contribute significantly to the ecological balance.
Habitat
Akagera National Park in eastern Rwanda is the main habitat for lions in the country. The park offers a diverse landscape of savannas, forests, and wetlands that create ideal conditions for lions and their prey. Since the successful reintroduction of seven lions in 2015, which were relocated from South Africa, the population in Akagera National Park has grown to about 43 animals. Lion prides live in territories of up to 400 square kilometers, and their roar can be heard over long distances, making them a fascinating species for visitors to the park.
Viewing opportunities
The best places to observe lions in Rwanda are the vast savannas of Akagera National Park. The optimal times for safaris are during the dry seasons from June to September and December to February, when vegetation is less dense and the chances of seeing lions are greatest. Early morning and late afternoon game drives with experienced rangers offer the best opportunities to experience lions in their natural habitat. Night drives are also an exciting way to observe lions' hunting behavior. With some patience, other members of the "Big Five", such as elephants, buffalo, and leopards, can also be observed.
An unforgettable adventure in Rwanda's wilderness
Rwanda offers travelers a unique opportunity to experience some of Africa's most impressive wildlife in their natural habitat. From the rare mountain gorillas in the dense jungle of Volcanoes National Park to the playful chimpanzees in Nyungwe Forest, and the majestic elephants and lions of Akagera National Park – each encounter is unique. These safaris not only contribute to the protection of these fascinating animals but also offer sustainable tourism that supports the local economy. Plan your trip to Rwanda well in advance to experience these special moments – you will be rewarded with memories that last a lifetime.
FAQ about wildlife in Rwanda
Yes. Gorilla trekking in Volcanoes National Park can be easily combined with chimpanzees in Nyungwe and a safari in Akagera.
Very good. Akagera offers classic safari territory with open savannas, lakes, and forests. Lions, elephants, buffalo, and giraffes are regularly seen.
The dry seasons from June to mid-September and December to February usually provide the best conditions. Some animals, such as chimpanzees, can also be found during the rainier months.
The permit currently costs 1,500 USD per person. It is limited and should be booked early.
Yes. Both species live in Akagera National Park. Lions have been reintroduced since 2015, and the elephant population is steadily growing.
The difficulty varies depending on the location of the gorilla group. The trails can be steep and slippery. A good level of fitness is sufficient, but sturdy shoes and rain gear are essential.
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